How to Detox Household Products

Speaker: Emma Rohmann
Written by: Sheena Jain & Esha Jain

Toxic chemicals exist all around us, whether it is in the cleaning products we store in our bathroom cabinets, our everyday cosmetics/personal care products, the furniture we sit and relax on each evening or even in the food we enjoy consuming. Although these toxic substances are not always visible to the naked eye, they are present everywhere and can have damaging effects to our health. Many of us do not realize the mechanism in which these harmful agents enter and accumulate inside of us or the extent to which they burden our bodies. These chemicals can build up due to a variety of different methods which include some being stored within our fatty tissue, while other agents maybe slow to leave our bodies. Additionally, bioaccumulation is also a contributing factor, in which our position at the top of the food chain allows us to consume the animals, water and plants that exist within our environment, while simultaneously ingesting the harmful agents present within these sources of food in the process. Furthermore the impact that these agents have on children is far more detrimental due to their small stature and body surface area allowing smaller concentrations of chemicals to have an effect as well as their immature immune systems combating and abolishing toxins at far slower rates than that of fully developed adults.

“Toxic chemicals” is such a broad term that encompasses numerous amounts of harmful agents which include: carcinogens, hormone disruptors, neurotoxins, respiratory toxins, reproductive toxins and developmental toxins to name a few. Each of these agents exists in different products within our household and has their own unique effects. We have isolated the toxins commonly found in different household products within our homes and safer alternatives that can be used in the table below:

RoomToxic ChemicalsAlternatives

Kitchen1) Teflon Cookware

    → Formerly made with PFOA

         (carcinogen, hormone disruptor, highly

          persistent environmental toxin phased out in

          2015)

     → Teflon is especially detrimental when warmed

          because of off-gassing

     → Scratched Teflon based cookware should not be

          used because the layer in between is unsafe and

          not meant to contaminate food   

     → If unable to avoid using Teflon based cookware:

          as long as it is in good condition, unscratched

          and is used at lower temperatures it is not as

          harmful to use

2) Plastics

     →Plastics #3 & #7 may contain BPA or BPS

         (hormone disruptors) & other harmful

       chemicals

- Ceramic

    →Closest to Teflon in terms of

        Its non-stick properties

    →Free of PFOA

- Stainless Steel

- Cast Iron

     →Will have non-stick abilities

         as long as the cast iron

         based material is constantly

         being oiled and seasoned

     →Not good for use of cooking

         acidic foods (i.e. tomato

         sauce)

- Glass

- Stainless Steel

- Silicone

Bedroom1) Mattress & Pillows

     → May contain Flame Retardants

          (many are hormone disruptors)

     → Most foam based products contain flame

          retardants

     → Not all product labels are mandated to include

          flame retardants

- Organic Cotton

    → Non-organic Cotton has high

         concentrations of pesticides   

- Wool

- Natural Rubber

    → NOT Latex or Natural Latex

         because latex is synthetic

         which can cause off-gassing

         and the fibers are naturally

         flame retardants    

Living Room1) Furniture

      → Adhesives & Finishes can off-gas Volatile

            Organic Compounds (VOCs)

      → VOCs can have asthmatic, allergenic &

           carcinogenic effects

           (therefore these VOCs can have greater adverse

           effects on individuals with pre-existing asthma

           or allergies)

2) Flooring

     → Adhesives & Finishes can off-gas Volatile Organic

          Compounds (VOCs)

          VOCs can have asthmatic, allergenic &

         carcinogenic effects

     → Carpets may contain stain repellents

          Stain Repellents are persistent environmental

          toxins and hormone disruptors as well as have

          carcinogenic effects

    → Any soft surfaces will collect dust and aggravate

         asthma & allergies

- Solid Wood/Metal

- Greenguard Gold

   → 3rd party standard

        (Greenguard Certified)

   → Gold is even better

- Hardwood

- Natural Fibres

- Linoleum

- Cork

   → Not as resilient but not bad

        in certain areas at home

   → Warm under feet

In addition to using safer alternative products there are a variety of different ways to detox without going completely insane. Some of these techniques include focusing on a category of harm and prioritizing highest chances of exposure. Maintaining our overall health has also been proven to be beneficial as environmental toxins are one of many factors contributing to our health. Therefore maintaining health as a whole can positively affect the way in which our body manages toxin exposure. Taking the time to research and educate ourselves regarding ingredients in different products, the negative effects of toxic chemicals and safer/natural alternatives can also be helpful. These include referring to third party certifications, David Suzuki’s Queen of Green, Environmental Working Group and Environmental Defense. Some informative pieces of literature that can also be read to further expand our knowledge include: Adria Vasil (Ecoholic Series), Slow Death by Rubber Duck and The Soft Landing.     

            Now that we have established various ways to prevent and decrease the amount of toxins that we allow into our home, an additional concern arises. How do we detox our homes and reduce the amount of toxins that already exist within our homes? Well, for one thing we can refer to a list of NASA air purifying plants. This will indicate which plants can combat which toxic chemical, so that we can bring these houseplants into our homes to purify our contaminated air and therefore lower our toxin exposure. Furthermore, regularly dusting can also assist in removing many toxins that are residing within our homes. Many times chemicals such as flame retardants seep out of products, deposit in dust particles and accumulate within our homes. Therefore, dusting can prevent these toxins from building up and exposing us.

            The topic of toxic chemicals and reducing our exposure can be overwhelming, as they exist in materials all around us and in our everyday products. Making a conscious effort to constantly educate ourselves and start by taking small strides to replace harmful agents to safer alternatives can have outstanding effects in the long run and ultimately benefit our health.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1) What toxic chemicals have commonly been found within the dust particles inside the home?

Chemical ClassChemicalHealth HazardCommon Products Containing this Chemical

Phthalates:DEHP- Reproductive System & Developmental Toxicity

- Hormone Disruption

- Vinyl Flooring

- Food Contact Materials

DEHA- Reproductive System & Developmental Toxicity- Vinyl Flooring

- Food Packaging

BBzP- Reproductive System & Developmental Toxicity

- Hormone Disruption

- Vinyl FlooringDnBP- Reproductive System & Developmental Toxicity

- Hormone Disruption

- Nail Polish

- Paints

DiBP- Reproductive System & Developmental Toxicity

- Hormone Disruption

- Vinyl Products

- Personal Care & Beauty   

 Products

Fragrance:HHCB- UNKNOWN- Scented Products

Flame Retardant:TPHP- Reproductive & Nervous System Toxicity- Treated Furniture

- Baby Products

- Carpet Padding

- Electronics

TDCIPP- Cancer- Treated Furniture

- Baby Products

- Carpet Padding

HBCDD- Reproductive & Nervous System Toxicity

- Hormone Disruption

- Polystyrene Building   

 Insulation

Phenol:MeP- Reproductive System Toxicity

- Hormone Disruption

- Cosmetics

- Lotions

- Deodorants

2)   What is the mechanism in which household plants are able to remove toxic chemicals from the air?

Household plants are able to remove toxic chemicals from the air using a process similar to photosynthesis in which plants absorb carbon dioxide and light energy through pores on the surface of plant leaves and convert it into chemical energy to fuel growth. In addition to carbon dioxide, household plants are also able to absorb other gases through their roots and leaves including: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Benzene and Formaldehyde. After absorbing toxic chemicals, household plants themselves can manage toxicants in two ways:

• They can incorporate these toxic agents into plant tissue and therefore remove them from the air and sequester them.

• They can metabolize toxic chemicals and release harmless by-products.

       Additionally, the microorganisms that reside within the soil of these household plants can neutralize these  toxic agents, so that they no longer pose a threat to our health.

3)  Why is Teflon cookware so detrimental to our health when it is heated?

Although Teflon [polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)], itself is a relatively inert chemical, and can travel right through our gastrointestinal system without being absorbed, it is often considered to be harmful to our health. Studies have demonstrated that issues arise once Teflon based cookware is heated to significantly higher temperatures. When this material is heated above 3000C (5720F), PTFE is able to breakdown and release perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).

These PFOA fumes can be responsible for causing “Polymer Fume Fever” a rare illness with flu-like symptoms including chest tightening, mild coughing, nausea and sweating. Additionally PFOA is under investigation by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency to determine whether this chemical is carcinogenic. Further health and environmental concerns have arisen regarding the manufacturing process of PTFE and PFOA.

Although Teflon has been found to be more of a threat when heated to significantly higher temperatures, other studies have found that PTFE can release sufficient amounts of fumes at both high and normal cooking temperatures to be life-threatening to birds.

SOURCES:

1)    Claudio, Luz. "Planting Healthier Indoor Air." Environmental Health Perspectives. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Oct. 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2017. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230460/>.

2)    "Do Indoor Plants Really Clean the Air?" LiveScience. Purch, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2017. <http://www.livescience.com/38445-indoor-plants-clean-air.html>.

3)    "Fear of Teflon Flakes Found in Frying Pan." Fear of Teflon Flakes Found in Frying Pan | Go Ask Alice! N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2017. <http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/fear-teflon-flakes-found-frying-pan>.

4)     "Your Household Dust Probably Contains These Chemicals." The Washington Post. WP Company, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2017. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/09/14/your-household-dust-probably-contains-these-chemicals/?utm_term>.

Proper Assessment of Toxicant Exposures and How They Relate to Your Health

Speakers: Dr. Winnie Siu & Dr. Aviad Elgez
Written by: Sheena Jain & Esha Jain

Dr. Siu and Dr. Elgez are a part of EnviroMed, a clinic that specializes in Environmental Medicine. Their mission is to educate their patients and the community regarding the connection between the state of the Environment and human health. Working alongside Dr. Mansoor Mohammed, a clinical Geneticist, they focus on proper genetics and home environment assessments as well as environmentally exposed individuals suffering from the following illnesses:

• Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

• Fibromyalgia

• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

• Autoimmune Conditions

• Chronic infections/Mild-immunosuppression

  • e.g. Chronic Lyme Disease

• Neurological Conditions

• Electro Hypersensitivity Syndrome

• Non-responsive patients to standard treatments

They found that the conditions listed above as well as many other illnesses are directly related to daily environmental exposures of pollution, workplace hazards, radiation, climate change, pesticides, mold, plastics, heavy metals, solvents and electromagnetic frequencies.  Their goal is to identify exposures that are related to health concerns.

In understanding what we are being exposed to, it is important to ask the following question: “what is the difference between toxins and toxicants?”

• TOXINS come from a biological source like molds or bacteria. This means that a toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms. (E.g. Mycotoxins, Biotoxins etc.)

• TOXICANTS are synthetic chemicals, such that the poisonous substances are created by artificial processes. (E.g. metals, pesticides, solvents, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) & Phthalates)

The doctors at EnviroMed focus on the total environmental load and the non-specific load and try to decrease the total body burden by figuring out the source and reducing exposure as much as possible. They have created an analogy of a barrel. The barrel is a toxic barrel that represents what we carry  within us.

Within the total body load is this toxic barrel that is filled with water at the bottom and oil at the top. The barrel also consists of a faucet at the bottom where toxic materials are released from the body.

The water can contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), plastics, heavy metals, arsenic and aluminum to name a few. These are not persistent therefore the body can clear them out rapidly and get rid of them completely. The oil contains PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid), DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane), lead and mercury. These are persistent, as the body has minimal capacity to remove them, taking months to years to clear them. If the level of the toxic material within the barrel rises, to the extent at which toxins are entering the “barrel” faster than they are being removed, the faucet may cause a backup of the harmful substances. This is when patients start demonstrating symptoms of toxicity. Therefore it is important to remove as much toxic material as possible in order to ensure adequate functioning of the body.

There are 2 components affecting the opening of the “faucet.”  While some factors may cause the faucet opening to be wide, others may cause it to be narrower.

1.    Genetics Varying genetics between individuals can cause a 4-10x difference in the rate at which toxicants are cleared from the body. An example of this is alcohol consumption. While one individual may consume a full glass of wine and experience no symptoms, others may consume as little as half a glass of wine and become flushed. Genetics is the key element responsible for this difference. The reason being is that alcohol gets metabolized into an aldehyde, which gets processed and emitted from the body. There are specific genes that encode enzymes that are responsible for the rapid metabolism of alcohol in some individuals, while other genes can slow the rate of removal of aldehyde. Such that individuals of Asian descent lack the enzyme that breaks down aldehyde and thus get aldehyde toxicity. Therefore, even a small amount of alcohol consumption, can cause symptoms of intoxication. Thus even with similar exposure and environmental factors, individuals can experience different symptoms based on their genetics.

1.    Nutrients Specific nutrients are needed in order to remove toxins from the body. However, long term toxin exposure leads to depleted nutrients, causing the “faucet” to narrow. This causes a backup of toxins within the barrel and can become difficult to reverse. This is seen in an individual who consumes large amounts of alcohol on a regular basis, ultimately experiencing vitamin B1 deficiency.

Therefore it is essential to clear out as much as we can from the top of the barrel (55%-90%) and open the faucet to remove things from the bottom of the barrel. Once the toxicants are removed and identified, determine what genes are affected and up regulate those genes through dietary changes, such as eating kale or broccoli. Such greens will genetically upregulate what nutrients are deficient. Other options include, doing colonics for cleansing. Genetics could lower your symptoms based on chemicals you are exposed to. Therefore limit toxin exposures.

The following are substances to beware of and the negative health effects they encompass:

Toxic SubstanceNegative EffectsAdditional Information

BPA & BPS- Hormone Disruptors

- Carcinogenic

- Menstrual irregularities

- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Phthalates- Neurotoxic

- Immuno/environmental mitochondrial

 disrupters

- Females: Hormone Disruptor

- Young Males: ↓ Testosterone Levels

- Liquid plastics added to

 hard plastics in order to

 make them softer

 (i.e. saran wrap)

Heavy Metals- Mercury

   → Neurotoxin

   → Anxiety, Irritability & Fatigue

- Lead:

   → Parkinson’s Disease

   → Children: Neurological Developmental

        Issues

- Arsenic

- Mercury

  → Note there are large

       amounts of mercury in

       tuna

- Arsenic

  → Leaves body rapidly,

       therefore you do not

       need to worry too much

       about it, just get rid of

       the source.   

  → Note that Arsenic from

       seafood and shrimp is

       not toxic

  → Arsenic from rice or

     non-organic chicken is

     very toxic.

Solvents/Molds- Neuropathy

   → May have a hangover feeling in the morning

- Found in Memory Foam &

 Soil

- Have off-gassing

Organophosphate Pesticides- Neurotoxins

  → Depression

  → ADHD

  → Autism

  → Parkinson’s Disease

- NOT persistent

  → Therefore clears rapidly

       from the body

  → However, if you do not

       eat organic foods, you  

       will be re-exposed to

       these pesticides every

       day

PCBs & Dioxins- Developmental problems in developing

 fetuses

- Neurotoxicity

  → Parkinson’s Disease  

- Persistent and therefore

  remain in the body longer

- Mostly in fish

   → Therefore leads to

        bioaccumulation within

        the food chain

Molds & Mycotoxins- Neurological symptoms

  → Memory loss

  → Fatigue

  → Decrease concentration

- Immune symptoms

  → immunosuppression

- Chronic sinusitis & congestion

 (Linked to mold exposure 99% of the time)

Discussion Questions:

1) Can toxin exposures that affected your great grandparents persist in your genes and change your DNA?

A study was conducted in which pregnant lab rats were exposed to an agricultural fungicide, Vinclozolin. This endocrine disruptor was meant to interfere with the process of the fetus becoming male or female. However, sexual differentiation was unaffected. What they did find was when male offspring’s reached adulthood, they had lower sperm counts and decreased fertility. They believed the study was insignificant. It was not until, someone within the lab made an error and continued to bred more rats; such that grandchildren were bred from the rats who had been exposed, creating a fourth generation i.e. great-grandchildren of the originally exposed rats. They decided to investigate the next generations and found that the three generations after the initial pregnant mother exposed to the fungicide, also displayed low sperm counts, but was not due to a change within their inherited DNA sequence. Uncertain of this finding, they bred more rats and continued to test them, using more chemicals that lead to diseases in the prostate, kidney, ovaries and immune system. Over and over again, they discovered these diseases were being seen in the fourth and fifth generation offspring of the mothers who were originally exposed to a chemical. Biologist Michael Skinner found that as toxins were entering the rats, they altered the configuration of methyl groups that hung onto DNA in the fetus’ germ-line cells, and eventually became its egg or sperm. He used the analogy of burrs on a knit sweater to explain the methyl groups latching onto the DNA in particular arrangements.  It was these methyl molecules that were interfering with the functioning of the DNA and was being passed onto future generations, causing them to face the same diseases. Skinner conducted another study in which he exposed pregnant rats to bug spray, jet fuel and BPA. He yet again found that each exposure exhibited a distinct pattern of methyl groups attached, that persisted in the great-grandchildren of the pregnant rats that were initially exposed. Skinner concluded that your great-grandmother’s environment does affect your health and that the chemicals she was exposed to may be traceable in the future.  An example of this is seen within an unintentional human trial with DES (diethylstilbestrol) exposure. DES was a medication given to pregnant women from the 1940’s to the 1960’s, to prevent pregnancy complications. Later it was discovered that DES negatively affected those exposed in utero, females affected by vaginal cancers and males affected by testicular abnormalities. Studies of grandchildren of DES exposed mothers are now surfacing, findings display that this generation may suffer from infertility, reproductive birth defects and some cancers.

2) What is the interaction between nutrition and environmental toxin exposures?

There are 3 main ways in which nutrition and toxicants interact:

i. Food can be the source of exposure to toxins

       - Toxic chemicals can be presented to the food while it is being grown

       - The processing and storage of food may also increase hazardous chemical content of food

              → (e.g. drying or smoking food over coal-burning stoves as seen in Chinese rural communities,

                   increases food arsenic content)

              → Another example in which food acts as a source of toxicant exposure is through fish and

                   seafood, due to the methylmercury.

                       - Inorganic mercury is released into the air, settles in water and undergoes methylation

                       - 2 studies were conducted, which presented prenatal and early postnatal exposure to

                          seafood. Both studies resulted in having children with cognitive deficits, which included

                          attention, perceptual and selection language deficits.

ii. Nutritional deficiencies influence the level of exposure and toxicity

      -  Lead exposure is associated with cognitive deficits in children, especially among disadvantaged

          populations.      

          Evidence exists for interaction between lead and nutrients at the level of intestinal absorption,

          neurochemistry and cognitive function.

          Note: Iron and lead share a common intestinal transporter, such that, iron deficiency contributes

             to increased lead absorption.

             There has been some evidence that adult women and children who consume higher amounts of

             dietary calcium have lower blood lead concentrations. Also placental transfer of lead was lower

             in women who consume diets rich in iron and who have higher hemoglobin levels.

        -   Another example would be cadmium exposure, which is associated with renal tubular toxicity,

            decreased bone density, and increased bone turnover and fractures. Other than tobacco smoke,

            diets are the main source of environmental cadmium exposure. Cadmium is especially high in the

            following foods:

                 → Shellfish

  → Leafy veggies

                 → Rice

                 → Cereals

                 → Legumes

           Evidence shows that low iron stores and intake are associated with higher body cadmium

           burdens. As both cadmium and iron are absorbed into the small intestine by the divalent metal

           transporter 1, once inside enterocytes, cadmium is moved via calcium transporters and

           ferroportin, into the blood stream. The absorption of cadmium may increase at early states of

           iron deficiency, even before iron absorption is observed.

iii. Nutrient deficiencies and toxicants yield similar outcomes

• Arsenic exposure for example may occur from ground water in areas such as India and Bangladesh. It is also common in drinking water in areas such as Mexico, Argentina and Vietnam, where an estimated 100 million people are exposed to levels above 100g/L.

• Other sources of arsenic include: coal-burning stoves and contaminated food.

• Arsenic is associated with lung and bladder cancers, skin lesions, and in populations with high arsenic exposure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are prevalent.

• In children, arsenic is associated with low IQ scores, decreased memory and attention.

• A study conducted, presented evidence for the association among nutrients, and arsenic toxicity in Bangladeshi women. With a double burden of women of reproductive age being vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies and environmental exposures, women become a source of exposure to their fetuses and infants through placental exchange and breast milk. Therefore, when toxin exposures interact with poor nutrition, it results in high costs to the health and well-being of the resource-poor individuals and communities, who are less likely able to cope with those costs.

Sources:

1)   Interlandi, Jeneen. "The Toxins That Affected Your Great-Grandparents Could Be In Your Genes." Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2017.<http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/the-toxins-that-affected-your-great-grandparents-could-be-in-your-genes-180947644/>.

2)   Joshua. "Difference Between Toxin and Toxicant." Difference Between. N.p., 22 Dec. 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2017.

          <http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-toxin-and-toxicant/>.

3)   Kordas, Katarzyna, Bo Lönnerdal, and Rebecca Stoltzfus. "Interactions between Nutrition and Environmental Exposures: Effects on Health Outcomes in Women and Children." The Journal of Nutrition, 01 Dec. 2007. Web. 26 Jan. 2017. <http://jn.nutrition.org/content/137/12/2794.full>.

4)   "Our Mission Statement – EnviroMed Clinic." EnviroMed Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2017. <http://enviromedclinic.com/our-mission-statement/>.

5)      Tuller, David, Dullhunk/Flickr, Tom Philpott, and Sydney Brownstone. "Can Exposure to Toxins Change Your DNA?" Mother Jones. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2017.<http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2012/06/can-exposure-toxins-change-your-dna>.